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Borderline Personality disorder is characterized by a long-lasting, rigid pattern of maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual\u2019s culture. The inflexibility and pervasiveness of these patterns cause serious relational problems and impairment of functioning for the afflicted individual. Characteristic symptoms of the personality disorders fall into four categories:<\/p>\n
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Manipulative thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.<\/p>\n
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Distorted Thinking is an extreme and inaccurate pattern of perceiving and interpreting one\u2019s self, others, and the world around you. Patterns include idealizing then devaluing other people or one\u2019s self; extreme black-or-white thinking; distrustful, suspicious thoughts; unusual or odd beliefs that are contrary to cultural norms; and thoughts that include perceptual distortions and bodily illusions.<\/p>\n
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Emotional dysregulation is an inability to modulate the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional responses. For some, this is characterized by emotional sensitivity and a tendency to experience intense feelings. Other disordered individuals show little or no emotional response, regardless of the circumstance or situation; one moment overwhelmed with intense emotions, the next, numb and disconnected.<\/p>\n
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Impulse control is the degree to which a person can regulate their internal drives or impulses to act. Some personality disorders are characterized by behavioral over-controlled (an inability to act), while others are characterized by a lack of behavioral control (acting spontaneously without forethought).<\/p>\n
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Interpersonal difficulties are common to all of the personality disorders. As would be expected, the three characteristic symptoms described above (i.e., distorted thinking, emotional dysregulation, and impulse control problems) make it difficult for personality disordered individuals to form and maintain healthy relationships.<\/p>\n
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The DSM-5 lists borderline personality disorder as one of the dramatic-emotional (also called Cluster B) personality disorders. While each of these personality disorders is a distinct diagnosis, they all share a number of overlapping and related symptoms, including problems with emotional expression and difficulty forming stable, healthy relationships.<\/p>\n
In addition to borderline, the other dramatic-emotional personality disorders are antisocial, histrionic, and narcissistic.<\/p>\n
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Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is characterized by a pattern of behavior that involves the manipulation, exploitation, or violation of the rights of others. Individuals with ASPD are often deceitful, lack remorse for their actions, and show an unwillingness to conform to social norms and laws.<\/p>\n
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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of emotional instability, volatile interpersonal relationships, unstable self-image, and self-destructive impulsive behaviors.<\/p>\n
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Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD) is a pattern of excessive emotional expression and attention seeking. Individuals with HPD often behave dramatically in situations that do not justify this type of reaction. They have an excessive need for approval and are often inappropriately sexually seductive or provocative.<\/p>\n
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is characterized by extreme feelings of self-importance, a high need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. Individuals with NPD often exploit others for their own gain and are overly sensitive to criticism, judgment, or defeat.<\/p>\n
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