{"id":1473,"date":"2024-03-22T04:18:02","date_gmt":"2024-03-22T09:18:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gth.rwwdev.com\/?page_id=1473"},"modified":"2025-06-16T19:20:46","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T00:20:46","slug":"trauma-and-stress-related-disorders","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gthu.org\/es\/trauma-and-stress-related-disorders\/","title":{"rendered":"Trauma y trastornos relacionados con el estr\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Characteristic Symptoms<\/h2>\n

It has long been understood that exposure to a traumatic event, particularly combat, causes some individuals to display abnormal thoughts and behaviors that we today refer to as a mental illness.<\/p>\n

The trauma- and stressor-related disorders are serious psychological reactions that develop in some individuals following exposure to a traumatic or stressful event such as childhood neglect, childhood physical\/sexual abuse, combat, physical assault, sexual assault, natural disaster, an accident or torture.<\/p>\n

Characteristic symptoms of all other trauma- and stressor-related disorders can be placed into four broad categories:<\/p>\n

INTRUSION SYMPTOMS<\/h5>\n

Intrusion symptoms include recurrent, involuntary and distressing memories, thoughts, and dreams of the traumatic event. The individual may also experience flashbacks, a dissociative experience in which they feel or act as if the traumatic event is reoccurring.<\/p>\n

AVOIDANCE SYMPTOMS<\/h5>\n

Avoidance symptoms are efforts to avoid internal (memories, thoughts, feelings) and\/or external (people, places, situations) reminders of the traumatic event. Preoccupation with avoiding trauma-related feelings and stimuli can become a central focus of the individual\u2019s life.<\/p>\n

NEGATIVE ALTERATIONS<\/h5>\n

Negative alterations in cognition and mood include problems remembering important aspects of the traumatic event, depression, fear, guilt, shame, and feelings of isolation from others.<\/p>\n

HYPER-AROUSAL SYMPTOMS<\/h5>\n

Hyper-arousal symptoms include being jumpy and easily startled, irritability, angry outbursts, self-destructive behavior, problems concentrating, and difficulty sleeping.<\/p>\n

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Types of Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders<\/h2>\n

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REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER (RAD)<\/h5>\n

Reactive Attachment Disorder is characterized by serious problems in emotional attachment to others. These children rarely seek comfort when distressed and are minimally emotionally responsive to others. RAD results from a pattern of insufficient caregiving or emotional neglect that limits an infant\u2019s opportunities to form stable attachments.<\/p>\n

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The development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to stress<\/p>\n

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DISINHIBITED SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT DISORDER<\/h5>\n

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder is characterized by a pattern of behavior that involves culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behavior with unfamiliar adults and strangers. This disorder results from a pattern of insufficient caregiving or emotional neglect that limits an infant\u2019s opportunities to form stable attachments.<\/p>\n

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POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)<\/h5>\n

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is characterized by significant psychological distress lasting more than a month following exposure to a traumatic or stressful event. Symptoms from all of the categories discussed above must be present.<\/p>\n

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ACUTE STRESS DISORDER<\/h5>\n

Acute Stress Disorder is similar to PTSD, but the duration of the psychological distress last only three days to one month following exposure to a traumatic or stressful event.<\/p>\n

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ADJUSTMENT DISORDER<\/h5>\n

Adjustment Disorders are characterized by the development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor (e.g., problems at work, going off to college). Adjustment disorder symptoms must occur within three months of the stressful event. Symptoms do not persist more than six months.<\/p>\n

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